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Hexagram 15

地山谦

qiān · Modesty

亨,君子有终。

地中有山,谦;君子以裒多益寡。

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Modern reading — preview

彖辞总结四道:天亏盈益谦、地变盈流谦、鬼神害盈福谦、人恶盈好谦。…

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地山谦: plain-language translation, modern reading, and practical guidance

Above you can freely read the public-domain classical text: judgment, image, tuan, line texts, and verbatim classical commentary. Yarrow Yi also curates three layers of self-authored content — a plain-language translation, a modern reading for today's context, and gloss translations of the classical commentaries (Zhu Xi, Cheng Yi, etc.). Sign in to read them in full.

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Tuan commentary

谦,亨。天道下济而光明,地道卑而上行。天道亏盈而益谦,地道变盈而流谦,鬼神害盈而福谦,人道恶盈而好谦。谦尊而光,卑而不可逾,君子之终也。

Line texts

Line 6 (top)

上六:鸣谦,利用行师,征邑国。

鸣谦,志未得也;可用行师,征邑国也。

Line 5

六五:不富以其邻,利用侵伐,无不利。

利用侵伐,征不服也。

Line 4

六四:无不利,撝谦。

无不利撝谦,不违则也。

Line 3

九三:劳谦,君子有终,吉。

劳谦君子,万民服也。

Line 2

六二:鸣谦,贞吉。

鸣谦贞吉,中心得也。

Line 1 (bottom)

初六:谦谦君子,用涉大川,吉。

谦谦君子,卑以自牧也。

Classical commentary

朱熹 · 《周易本义》

谦者,有而不居之义。

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程颐 · 《伊川易传》

谦有亨之道也。有其德而不居,谓之谦。

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孔颖达 · 《周易正义》

谦者,屈躬下物,先人后己,以此待物,则所在皆通。

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王弼 · 《周易注》

处谦之下,谦之谦者也。能体谦谦,其唯君子,用涉大难,物无害也。

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